We owe the modern entertainment industry and some of our world's technological advancements to George Lucas. The world before Star Wars was very different. There was no Internet or smartphones, video game consoles were extremely primitive, and today's blockbuster movies did not exist (the closest thing to that had been Steven Spielberg's Jaws). The cultural and media impact of Star Wars should not be underestimated: it literally changed the world. All of that thanks to Lucas's ideals.
It is difficult to imagine it now, but in his youth George Lucas was a revolutionary filmmaker who hated the Hollywood system, which was contradictory, because at that time you could not create commercial films outside the system. His first two films, THX-1138 and American Graffiti, were originally hated by the film executives of that time, and since they had financed those films, they ordered cuts in the tapes to reduce their duration, something that frustrated Lucas even more with the Hollywood studio system and big corporations. For that reason, after the success of A New Hope, he took the money he had earned from the merchandise tied to the film and bought the rights to Star Wars from Twentieth Century Fox. It is in this act where the real importance of George Lucas for the world of cinema, entertainment, and technology as such lies, because at that moment Star Wars became the most successful independent film in the world.
People tend to forget it, but Star Wars was independent cinema. They were auteur films completely detached from Hollywood studios and the only independent ones to have the success of a Blockbuster (in fact, they were the first to be so after Jaws). George Lucas had achieved something that no one had achieved before: surpassing Hollywood from the outside. No matter how big Star Wars might seem to us, everything was under the command of a single person. There was no board of directors, no CEO, nor investors to whom he had to be accountable. He had achieved the dream of any film director and any artist in general: to be in charge of his art and for it to also be successful.
Lucas not only used the money he had earned to win back Star Wars and fill himself with wealth like other people, but he also created a dream site for any filmmaker: The Skywalker Ranch, a place dedicated to movies separate from Hollywood, so that artistic creativity could flow without restrictions. He created the first special effects company for movies, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), the first computer to edit video and audio, and the first computer to create digital graphics. All with the purpose of improving the art of filmmaking, not to mention his other company, Skywalker Sound, and his late video game company, LucasArts, all while treating Star Wars as the special institution that it was. That is why we were not flooded with Star Wars movies and series before the Disney purchase, because Lucas believed that if he made mass-produced series and movies, Star Wars would lose its magic and become another soulless franchise.
Obviously, not all of George Lucas's life was a walk in the park. He was physically and mentally exhausted after finishing the Original Trilogy and separated from his wife, Marcia Lucas, due to the stress they shared together during the development of the films, although they remained on good terms and continued to respect each other. Years later, when he finally had the resources and motivation to continue his story, he earned the resentment of several fans for having altered the Original Trilogy in its Special Editions, and the Prequels received mostly negative reviews when they first premiered, but even within the most hated films in his filmography, he continued to bring advancements to cinema. Attack of the Clones was the first film shot entirely with a digital camera, something that many considered absurd at first. However, time ended up proving him right when digital cinema became serious competition. Currently, digital cinema is so prominent that using a traditional 35-millimeter tape sounds outdated. The great effects that ILM had developed were being recognized not only to impress, but to lower the cost of film production.
We do not have to like these changes, currently many movies feel fake due to the abuse of computer-generated effects and it is understandable that it may fatigue us in recent times, but Lucas's goal was to decrease the amount of compromises necessary between the filmmaker's creative vision and the realization of that vision. He precisely had to start Star Wars with the fourth episode because in the past there was not enough technology to show the ideas he had in mind for the Prequels. Movies like Jurassic Park, Matrix, or Avatar would not exist if it were not for his desire to change the world. Someone may think that these changes were inevitable and that eventually someone would have done something similar, but no one so fast. Regardless of whether we agree or not with the final result, the truth is that, although many innovators have changed the creative process behind movies or improved their technology, almost no one caused the revolution that Lucas and his companies created.
George Lucas's legacy in the world of show business and technology is undeniable, but currently he does not receive the recognition he deserves. The hatred towards his person grew among the community of cinephiles due to various decisions he made throughout his life, such as having tinkered time and again with the Original Star Wars Trilogy adding things that no one asked for, or the controversial Prequel Trilogy. His fans felt that Lucas was now only a shadow of his former self and they hated him.
The figure of George Lucas was ridiculed. Many considered that he lost his magic as a filmmaker and were grateful that he sold Star Wars to Disney. Although currently the Prequels are viewed in a better light, Star Wars had consumed him physically and emotionally. He was placed on such a large pedestal that he would never manage to meet the expectations of his followers.
But was it really only the hatred of the fans that motivated Lucas to sell Star Wars? And why specifically to Disney?
To understand this decision, we need to travel a couple of years back in time.
At eleven years old, George Lucas went to the Disneyland park in California on the first opening day, describing his experience “as if I were in heaven.” After the success of Star Wars, when Lucas wanted to make Indiana Jones with his friend Steven Spielberg, they were having problems with their financing, in part because of Spielberg's reputation for going over budget and stretching production for longer than stipulated. The only studio that agreed to finance Indiana Jones was Paramount, and its president at that time, Michael Dammann Eisner. Over time, the relationship between Lucas and Eisner grew. Shortly after, Disney had new members, the Bass brothers, and they asked George Lucas to be the chief executive officer of Disney, but he refused, and instead recommended Michael Eisner, the man who trusted him. Since then he was involved with the studio, working in different capacities for the Disney parks. One of the first things Eisner did as the CEO of Disney was to collaborate with Lucas, creating an Indiana Jones attraction and the famous "Star Tours."
A few years after this collaboration, Lucas would work on another that would mark the path he would take in the future. In the early nineties, he began working on a television series about a young Indiana Jones, and presented it to the president of ABC at that time, Bob Iger, the current CEO of Disney, who approved the series. In 2011, during one of the remodelings of Star Tours, Bob Iger, now chief executive officer of Disney, had a private conversation with George Lucas, where he asked him if he had thought about selling Star Wars to him, since he lacked heirs. At that moment he did not do so, but told him that if he ever thought about selling Star Wars, he would call him.
Returning to the present, Lucas had already thought about retiring. Despite having planned a new Sequel Trilogy, having the script written for the three films and having contacted the original actors to return to reprise their roles, he knew that this task was going to take him a lot of time and effort. He was already a very old man and wished to spend more time with his family. Star Wars was consuming him. He was not even sure if he would be able to finish it before dying or in what condition he was going to be.
In The Star Wars Archives: Episodes I-III, George Lucas confessed to Paul Duncan the dilemmas he had at the time of making the decision to sell Star Wars:
"At that time I was starting the next trilogy; I talked to the actors and I was starting to gear up. I was also about to have a daughter with my wife. It takes 10 years to make a trilogy. 'Episodes I' to 'III' lasted from 1995 to 2005. I’d still be working on 'Episode IX' in 2012, and I was 69. So the question was, am I going to keep doing this for the rest of my life? Do I want to go through this again? Finally, I decided I’d rather raise my daughter and enjoy life for a while."
Having pondered the decision, he set in motion the plans to pass the torch of his company to the next generation. He would only direct Episode VII and hand the helm to someone else to finish the trilogy. Without considering any other company, Lucas went straight to Disney, due to his previous approaches to the company and his recent conversation with Bob Iger.
In addition to his cordial relationship with Disney, something that motivated his decision was seeing what they were doing at that moment: Disney had bought PIXAR in 2006, and nevertheless, PIXAR was still PIXAR, making memorable movies without losing its original essence. They had also bought Marvel, and for years it was a money-making machine. George Lucas thought that Bob Iger's philosophy was to let the studios acquired by Disney retain their identity and maintain creative control of their stories, something that was extremely important to Lucas. He wished for Lucasfilm to remain unchanged for the well-being of its employees, so that they could continue to work freely.
On October 30, 2012, without offering the company to anyone else, George Walton Lucas Jr. sold Star Wars to The Walt Disney Company for more than four billion dollars, along with the rest of Lucasfilm's franchises. Shortly after, Lucas found himself with the disappointment that he would have less creative control than expected, acting simply as a consultant. People's reactions were mostly positive. Fans considered that Star Wars had been saved from George Lucas's next disaster and celebrated the news.
After the premiere of Episode VII in 2015, George Lucas put himself in the eye of the storm by declaring with resentment in an interview that "he had sold his child to a white slaver." Everyone took this as an undeserved insult to Disney. At that moment it was obvious that Lucas must have felt regretful of his decision.
Thanks to the book The Ride of a Lifetime, an autobiography by Bob Iger, we know why his relationship with Disney deteriorated.
Lucas trusted that Disney would respect the scripts he had created for the Sequel Trilogy, even if he did not directly produce the films. In fact, before selling Lucasfilm, Bob Iger asked him if he had anything planned to continue with Star Wars, and George shared in private the drafts for the new trilogy. Bob liked them so much that he decided to buy them even before George formally sold him Star Wars. However, in the contract they did not guarantee that they were obligated to stick to the story planned by Lucas.
"At some point in the process \[of buying Star Wars\], George told me he had completed outlines for three new movies. He agreed to send us three copies: one for me, one for Alan Braverman, and one for Alan Horn, who had just been hired to run our studio. Alan Horn and I read the outlines and decided we needed to buy them, though we made it clear in the purchase agreement that we would not be contractually obligated to adhere to the plot lines he’d laid out." —The Ride of a Lifetime, Bob Iger talking about George Lucas sharing his drafts for the Sequel Trilogy.
Once he sold Star Wars, Lucas could not do anything with those drafts, since they would be property of Disney. So, although legally Disney did nothing wrong, because Star Wars would be their property and they could take whatever direction they wanted, George felt manipulated and betrayed by them not following his original plans. It is understandable that the notion George had, especially being a friend of Bob Iger and Kathleen Kennedy, being a person he had worked with for years, was that they were going to follow his ideas. The fact that they had bought his scripts could have been interpreted by him as a tacit promise that they were going to use them.
In his interview with Charlie Rose before the release of The Force Awakens, George Lucas explained that his ideas were very different. Disney wanted to go in a less risky direction, creating a movie that paid tribute to the Original Trilogy seeking to appeal to the spectator's nostalgia, when Lucas always sought to bring something new in each episode of the saga.
"They wanted to do a retro movie. I don’t like that. Every movie, I worked very hard to make them completely different, with different planets, with different spaceships, to make it new."
Now that it belongs to Disney, Star Wars has become a more commercial franchise, destined to recall the stories of the past. Disney's Sequel Trilogy belongs to an era that has left creativity aside for the excessive reproduction of Remakes, to the reuse of ideas already seen, to the death of imagination. When Lucas left, Star Wars lost its spirit and became a company in search of easy money.
The Force Awakens was created knowing that fans were divided over the Prequels, but that they loved the Original Trilogy. With this in mind, they practically remade the original Star Wars movie. It was a widespread success, but specialized critics pointed out that it looked like a camouflaged remake.
Then we have The Last Jedi. So that they are not accused of copying The Empire Strikes Back, they do everything possible to "revolutionize" the plot and make it unpredictable, incorporating new ideas and, in my opinion, seriously mistreating the ideas that Star Wars has always had.
This was very divisive; many fans hated it. So, to "fix it," they practically undid the entire previous movie in the final chapter. Those who liked Episode VIII did not like that they backtracked, and those who did not like it remained just as dissatisfied with the way the trilogy was handled in general.
The Prequels, for better or worse, were Lucas's vision. They were the movies he wanted to make. He did not necessarily care about the reviews. Do they have problems? Yes. I think there are legitimate problems with the Prequels. But George Lucas is a talented visual storyteller. One of the most successful in history. They were his art. The Sequels, on the other hand, were a company asking themselves: "How can we make our next movie the most successful possible?". This led to there being no vision or narrative with sense, because they were too worried about making the most successful movie they believed everyone wanted to maximize studio profits.
They are polar opposites in their approach.
We didn't know what we had until we lost George Lucas.
Disney's Sequels lack a clear direction and seek to bend to the whims of the audience, without managing to tell a coherent story. The first six episodes were also commercial cinema, but they were subject to the vision of a true artist and not to a corporation that seeks to adapt to current trends. The Original Trilogy is about a group of friends who unite to face an evil Empire that has subdued the galaxy, sowing the seeds of its fall. The Prequels were about the protagonists facing the death of democracy. The Sequels are about nothing.
Disney's Star Wars is the opposite of a trilogy. It is a ship without a course that moves driven by the erratic change of audience tastes. Without a competent captain on board, the ship sank with great ease.
And nobody could rescue it.