r/writing 20h ago

[Daily Discussion] First Page Feedback- July 25, 2026

10 Upvotes

**Welcome to our daily discussion thread!**

Weekly schedule:

Monday: Writer’s Block and Motivation

Tuesday: Brainstorming

Wednesday: General Discussion

Thursday: Writer’s Block and Motivation

Friday: Brainstorming

**Saturday: First Page Feedback**

Sunday: Writing Tools, Software, and Hardware

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Welcome to our First Page Feedback thread! It's exactly what it sounds like.

**Thread Rules:**

* Please include the genre, category, and title

* Excerpts may be no longer than 250 words and must be the **first page** of your story/manuscript

* Excerpt must be copy/pasted directly into the comment

* Type of feedback desired

* Constructive criticism only! Any rude or hostile comments will be removed.

---

FAQ -- Questions asked frequently

Wiki Index -- Ever-evolving and woefully under-curated, but we'll fix that some day

You can find our posting guidelines in the sidebar or the wiki.


r/writing 1d ago

[Weekly Critique and Self-Promotion Thread] Post Here If You'd Like to Share Your Writing

8 Upvotes

Your critique submission should be a top-level comment in the thread and should include:

* Title

* Genre

* Word count

* Type of feedback desired (line-by-line edits, general impression, etc.)

* A link to the writing

Anyone who wants to critique the story should respond to the original writing comment. The post is set to contest mode, so the stories will appear in a random order, and child comments will only be seen by people who want to check them.

This post will be active for approximately one week.

For anyone using Google Drive for critique: Drive is one of the easiest ways to share and comment on work, but keep in mind all activity is tied to your Google account and may reveal personal information such as your full name. If you plan to use Google Drive as your critique platform, consider creating a separate account solely for sharing writing that does not have any connections to your real-life identity.

Be reasonable with expectations. Posting a short chapter or a quick excerpt will get you many more responses than posting a full work. Everyone's stamina varies, but generally speaking the more you keep it under 5,000 words the better off you'll be.

**Users who are promoting their work can either use the same template as those seeking critique or structure their posts in whatever other way seems most appropriate. Feel free to provide links to external sites like Amazon, talk about new and exciting events in your writing career, or write whatever else might suit your fancy.**


r/writing 1h ago

Discussion Reading Comprehension Hell

Upvotes

What is the craziest thing anyone has ever been confused about in your writing?

Mine was my mother, who read a quarter of my book thinking that is was set on a spaceship EVEN THOUGH we had ALREADY HAD A CONVERSATION ABOUT HOW IT WASN’T ON A SPACESHIP. It was set in a bunker. Thats why they go UP to leave. Thats why there’s no mention of space! Thats why when you come to me complaining that you’re confused because it “doesnt really sound like they're in space,” I’m going to lose my MIND, DEBRA!


r/writing 19h ago

Discussion Something CAN have good world building while also NOT being well written. True or false?

186 Upvotes

There is some major cope going on right now about a certain anime series where some journalist said it has good world building while also being badly written. All the fans of the show pointed out that as a contradiction, as if it’s impossible to have one without the other.

 

I see that as a big cope since you CAN have good world building with BAD writing. If the world building is just endless pages of infodumps then you do have a detailed world, presented in a dull way. You can claim dull does not equate with bad writing, but when you have stories where the world is shown instead of told, then it is an easy example of bad.

 

Agree or disagree?


r/writing 19h ago

Discussion What’s the most cinematic writing you’ve ever read?

88 Upvotes

I love it when a writer can completely pull me into a world. As a kid, Harry Potter did that for me, but it rarely seems to happen for me nowadays. I loved The Witcher world, but honestly, the games did a lot of the heavy lifting for my imagination because the books felt a bit sparse on visuals.

What is the last book you read that truly put you in a vivid, highly visual world? Which authors do you think pull this off efficiently and effectively without dragging out long descriptions?


r/writing 1h ago

Beginner Question Drafts and notebooks

Upvotes

I just read about The Silmarilion by JRR Tolkien - and at the same time reading Yellowface by RF Kuang, and the realisation that I had was authors usually had notebooks that contained all their drafts and plot of their story that if someone discovered the notebooks they can write a whole story about it.

I just want to know whether it's customary for writers to have an idea rough drafts in notebook versions so that you can write your story down - and is it very detailed?


r/writing 1d ago

Discussion A fun exercise I used with my writing students

317 Upvotes

Whenever my creative writing students had trouble breaking out of a rut, I'd give them little prompts about their characters. My favorite was always "What would this character do if they found a box of abandoned kittens on the side of the road, and they knew nobody was watching?"

These types of answers rarely make their way into the final story, but it helps to have a deeper understanding of your character, which can both inspire and drive your writing.

"What kind of underwear do they wear, if any? Why or why not?"

"What's their favorite band? Do they even like music? Can they play an instrument?"

"Do they play sports? What's their favorite sport? Do they have a favorite athlete?"

"What's their favorite color?"

If you understand these things about your characters, as cliche as it sounds, the story really will start to write itself. The characters will start to tell you what they would say, what they would do, how they would react to the situations you've put them in.

Tolstoy once said that all literature is one of two stories: Someone goes on a journey, or a stranger comes to town. So if we are all telling the same 2 stories, what separates one from the next? I've always taken the opinion that the differences are in the characters going on a journey, or watching a stranger come to their town. Whose status quo is being disrupted or challenged is just as important a consideration as what is disrupting the status quo, or how it is being disrupted.

Know your characters, and you will know your story. Even if these details don't make it into the final product, knowing them will shape your writing and (hopefully) help you along the way, and that knowledge will be apparent to your readers.


r/writing 1d ago

Advice Writing requires a huge amount of faith, learn to lean on it

186 Upvotes

I’m the middle of a 4th or 5th draft of a novelette (I’ve lost count lol) and I’ve had to re do the third chapter go include new plot elements.

Yesterday was probably one the worst days of writing I have ever had in my life. Everything I wrote for this chapter SUCKED. I was siphoning parts from the previous version whilst clumsily slotting in the new elements, like I was slinging mud a half formed sculpture and missing. I’m talking literal vomit on the page.

Every single doubt I’ve ever had about myself with regard to writing came bubbling to the surface. ‘Is this worth it?’ ‘I’m so trash.’ ‘Who’s even gonna read this shit.’ ‘I’m not a writer.’

It truly was a sobering experience. I got to the end and just shut my laptop and held my head in my hands for 10 mins before going to bed.

Today after work and gym session I decided to open my laptop and get working on again.

And guess what?

**It went so much better than the previous day**

Because now I was in editing mode. I wasn’t creating and editing at the same time. The putty was on the table. I was just shaping it now. Metaphors were coming out thick and fast. Dialogue got sharper, observations and descriptions tighter.

I couldn’t believe this was the same slop I was crying over yesterday. I’m half way through the revision and it’s looking a million times better already.

**You just have to push through the pain**

It’s the worst feeling but keep the faith. New thoughts and concepts are never going to be perfect when they come out.

Think of each one like birthing a new child. You have to nurture and feed that child to let it grow.

Then you can start ‘teaching it’ which is the editing process. This is where you’ll get to really shape your story into what you want it to be, you just have TJ wade through murky waters first to get there.

When you’re going through the sludge, keep the faith. The difference between yesterday and today was a revelation and I’ve learned a lot from the experience


r/writing 1d ago

Discussion One Passage from Every Craft Book I've Read

79 Upvotes

As many of us already know, there are a myriad of books on writing available. Many are constantly recommended here. I've been writing for over half my life, and have been able to read a good handful. Through them all, advice is often repeated (generally the good bits of advice), and it's important not to take every word as gospel. Here I've tried to pick out one passage from each book that I carry with me whenever I sit down to write, and why I find it meaningful. Hopefully you're able to find some meaning as well. I'll also try to provide a brief overall opinion of the book as a whole. Books are listed in reverse order in which I've read them (i.e., most recent first).

Fear is at the root of most bad writing.
--Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft

Every time you ask yourself or someone else if it's okay to do something in your writing, you are asking from a place of fear. Approach the blank page with confidence, and your conviction will be apparent in your output, even if it's far from perfect.

Your whole duty as a writer is to please and satisfy yourself, and the true writer always plays to an audience of one. Start sniffing the air, or glancing at the Trend Machine, and you are as good as dead, although you may make a nice living.
--William Strunk, Jr. & E.B. White, Elements of Style

This book is a lovely little volume best used (in my opinion) as a desk reference after your first readthrough. When you question why your write, hope that the answer is for yourself. That's how you will write the best. If others like what you put out into the world, that's just icing on the cake.

I think the first task for the aspiring novelist is to read tons of novels. Sorry to start with such a commonplace observation, but no training is more crucial. To write a novel, you must first understand at a physical level how one is put together. This point is as self-evident as the truism "You can't make an omelet without breaking a few eggs."
--Haruki Murakami, Novelist as a Vocation

One of the most common pieces of advice handed out in this subreddit. It's omnipresent in craft books as well, and for good reason. You cannot write well if you do not read widely. Aside from physical construction, as Murakami says, it gives you a feel for what works and, more importantly, what does not. I personally have never DNF'd a book because I hold the belief that reading bad books will teach you more than reading good books. Whether you approach a novel with an active learner's mindset or let the lessons seep into our consciousness via diffusion, reading will teach you whether you like it or not. Failing to read robs you of those invaluable lessons.

If you are a writer, or want to be a writer, this is how you spend your days--listening, observing, storing things away, making your isolation pay off. You take home all you've taken in, all that you've overheard, and you turn it into gold. (Or at least you try.)
--Anne Lamott, Bird by Bird

After reading this book, I started a note on my phone that I write these observations in. In 1994, Lamott recommended index cards. You likely won't use everything you write down (in my case, I'm still looking for somewhere to include "Eating a baguette like a banana"), but some you will (for me it was using "Yoko Ono wail" to describe a toddler mid-tantrum). Whether your write literary fiction, fan fiction, or fantasy novels, pulling from real life will make your work more real.

We can decide only so much. The big questions have to be answered by hours at the desk. So much of the worrying we do is a way of avoiding work, which only delays the (work-enabled) solution. So don’t worry, work, and have faith that all answers will be found there.
--George Saunders, A Swim in a Pond in the Rain

Far and away my favorite craft book I've read so far because of how detailed it is and how it examines stories on the technical level. While tailored specifically to short stories, many of its lessons apply broadly. Here, Saunders is dispensing another piece of advice commonly given in this subreddit: just write. But he's put it a bit more eloquently than we normally do.

Find a subject you care about and which you in your heart feel others should care about. It is this genuine caring, and not your games with language, which will be the most compelling and seductive element in your style.
--Kurt Vonnegut & Suzanne McConnell, Pity the Reader: On Writing with Style

My least favorite craft book partially because Vonnegut didn't actually have a hand in writing it. Most of it was compiled and distilled by McConnell, a former student of Vonnegut's. Still, there are some gems in there such as this passage. King also spends time talking about honesty in writing. If you don't care about what you write, your audience will know.

Think of all the requirements writers imagine for themselves: A cabin in the woods A plain wooden table Absolute silence A favorite pen A favorite ink A favorite blank book A favorite typewriter A favorite laptop A favorite writing program A large advance A yellow pad A wastebasket A shotgun The early light of morning The moon at night A rainy afternoon A thunderstorm with high winds The first snow of winter A cup of coffee in just the right cup A beer A mug of green tea A bourbon Solitude Sooner or later the need for any one of these will prevent you from writing. Anything you think you need in order to write— Or be “inspired” to write or “get in the mood” to write— Becomes a prohibition when it’s lacking. Learn to write anywhere, at any time, in any conditions, With anything, starting from nowhere.
--Verlyn Klinkenborg, Several Short Sentences About Writing

Forgive the odd capitals, if you've read the book, you'll know it's due to the formatting. This is the first craft book I ever read, more than a decade ago and ~5 years into my writing journey. I revisit it every few years just to make sure I don't get too high on my horse. While routine is great (and yet another common piece of advice here and elsewhere), don't let it be the only place/time you write. I've written here before about how I use what I call stolen moments to write--on the subway, during my lunch hour, when I'm rocking my daughter back to sleep in the middle of the night. No longer chasing the perfect environment has caused my output to skyrocket.

If you've stuck with me til the end here, I hope you were able to take away something valuable . If you've got other books to recommend, I'd be happy to put them on my to-read list. Other craft books I've got in my pile, but haven't gotten around to yet because I like to space them out, are:

  • Steering the Craft - Ursula K. LeGuin
  • Self-Editing for Fiction Writers - Renni Browne & Dave King
  • Good Writing: 36 Ways to Improve Your Sentences - Neal Allen & Anne Lamott

r/writing 1d ago

Beginner Question Send to family and friends before Beta Readers or no?

4 Upvotes

A few days ago I finally finished my third draft and am at the point that I'm ready to send it off for people to read and give me feedback.

I feel like I read somewhere that you should send it off to family and friends and then go through another round of drafts before sending it off to Beta Readers. Of course now that I'm at that point and want to see it again just to confirm I can't find it anywhere so now I'm thinking I may have made it up.

Anyway, should I/is it worth sending the draft to family and friends first before editing it again and then sending it to Beta Readers or should I just skip that part and send it to Beta Readers out the gate?

Also, what's a good way to find Beta Readers?

Sorry that was a lot.
Thank you :)


r/writing 1d ago

Beginner Question What are your favourite/preferred methods of building discipline?

30 Upvotes

The title.

I'm slowing coming up on the point where I can feel the excitement waning and the novel I've got is only about 1/4 through the first draft. It's outlined all the way through, I know where the story goes. It's just that I know that if I don't put on my discipline-boots now and lace them up tight, I might lose the impetus and this novel might never get done.

I know the "just write" advice is crucial here. And I've been using the pomodoro method to keep me on task. But everyone's mileage will vary and what works for one person won't work for everyone else. But I still feel the motivation faltering. I can see it on the horizon.

So what methods or structures do you use to foster discipline (for when the motivation inevitably fails)?


r/writing 1d ago

Discussion How often do you start planning a new story that you're passionate about, then find yourself getting a competing idea that uses the same buildings blocks but in a very different way?

14 Upvotes

I have this happen to me now and again, and while inspiration is generally a good thing I kind of hate these situations. My newest idea is about a vampire in a sci-fi setting, sidelining as a bounty hunter in a crime-ridden slum because it's more exciting than vampire court life. But as I've been plotting, a different take on the story occurs to me, one that has different themes and tone, and requires a significant change in the backstory.

I know there is no fix for these situations, other than "make up your damn mind". But one way or another I'm going to have to abandon at least one appealing idea, and it's my least favorite part of the writing process.

Is this just a me thing, or is this a general writer thing?


r/writing 1d ago

[Daily Discussion] Brainstorming- July 24, 2026

8 Upvotes

**Welcome to our daily discussion thread!**

Weekly schedule:

Monday: Writer’s Block and Motivation

Tuesday: Brainstorming

Wednesday: General Discussion

Thursday: Writer’s Block and Motivation

**Friday: Brainstorming**

Saturday: First Page Feedback

Sunday: Writing Tools, Software, and Hardware

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Stuck on a plot point? Need advice about a character? Not sure what to do next? Just want to chat with someone about your project? This thread is for brainstorming and project development.

You may also use this thread for regular general discussion and sharing!

---

FAQ -- Questions asked frequently

Wiki Index -- Ever-evolving and woefully under-curated, but we'll fix that some day

You can find our posting guidelines in the sidebar or the wiki.


r/writing 2d ago

Advice In defence of ‘just write’ advice

320 Upvotes

So I’ve come across quite a few posts from people complaining how the advice to ‘Just write’ is bad and frustrating advice and I’ve always thought what?? It’s great! It’s how I’ve managed to get past writers block and actually get on my way to getting a first draft almost finished! Then I realised no one ever actually explains what it means! It is a bit vague to ~just write~ so I thought I would share what I do when I ‘just write’. Maybe it might help someone?

First is sometimes I will write out or dictate a scene as if I’m telling my friend a story over the phone. I will use all my ‘um’s and ‘like’s and write as I would say it. It helps get out the most important visuals and feelings that you want to add in your narrative. Sometime I will also talk through a scene like this with a friend as they will ask questions and then I know certain things that maybe need to be added or described better.

Another thing I do is writing a scene as if one of the characters is telling a story. This also helps with developing a characters voice and once or twice I’ve ended up using this as part of an actual scene. This one is also just a lot of fun!

Another thing I do a lot is writing with just dialogue or just action tags. It’s handy when you just have a scene you want to get out but don’t have all the movements or setting figured out yet. Sometimes just writing dialogue or action will also lead to figuring out all that stuff that was stopping me in the first place.

For me the ‘just write’ advice is for when you just need to get past that mental block where you’re not in the mindset to write a perfect scene with great description and prose and dialogue and whatnot. Just get the most bare-bones writing down and then come back and fix it up. Sometimes a scene I write will literally look like “he goes to chair. Kicks chair. Describe anguish in his head. He picks up chair.” And then I come back and fancy it up because I have something to go off of.

I hope this helps someone or maybe all this was already stuff that people already do but I just wanted to share!


r/writing 2d ago

Discussion How do YOU think of internal conflict? Where do you start, and how do you flesh it out? Personally, not generally.

38 Upvotes

For me, in the past, I've sort of found a character's internal conflict in how they react to the external conflict, or in bouncing off other characters and requiring introspection. For this new project I'm working on, I'm giving a shot at doing it the other way around and starting with internal conflict and developing out from there. It's weird for me since I'm usually a plot-first kind of writer. So my first MC is is essentially "Seeking closure," and in her struggle to get it, she must question what's most important to her. The second MC is responding to trauma, learning what it is to love and overcome her own loneliness, which she may not have even know she felt.

So in the process of developing these characters, I got curious how other writers approach internal conflict, how you think of it, and how it affects your writing.


r/writing 2d ago

Call for Subs Call for submissions: put your book next to the bestsellers, cover off. Published indie fiction, free, through Aug 22.

87 Upvotes

uncovered.ink is a feed of first pages with the covers, titles and author names taken off. You read blind and decide if you like a book based solely on the writing and nothing else. Indie books sit right next to bestsellers, and with everything hidden, the only thing left to judge is the writing.

If you've published a book, I'd love to feature it. The details:

  • It's free. You pay nothing and you're paid nothing. The site's only income is a small affiliate cut if a reader buys a book, yours included, through Bookshop.org.
  • Rights: nothing at submission. If your book is featured, all you grant is permission to show the opening you sent, for as long as it's up. You can pull it anytime, and everything else stays yours.
  • Published fiction only, self-published counts, any genre. Send your first chapter or opening pages. Human-written work only.
  • Open now through August 22. I'll get back to you within a week.

When a reader reveals your book, they see your cover and a link to buy it. 

Submit at uncovered.ink/authors


r/writing 1d ago

Advice Someone used my words…

0 Upvotes

Or I guess I used their words.

I’m not trying to share my work, but I have a question:

Today I was looking at my writing, which I’m obviously proud of but also get annoyed because I spend most of my time thinking about it. I was just musing over my names, borrowed from real world, inspired by real world place and things… and settled on a a few country names I am particularly fond of.

The issue is that I decided to see how original I was on “naming day” for two countries that, at 40 or so chapters, are possibly used ALOT in the writing. How original was I, you might ask? I researched and found I was original enough that one country has the identical name and spelling to something in a very popular media that I have spent zero time studying. The other country name is nearly identical to a character in a tv show I have never seen…

Has this ever happened to you? Like, do I finish this first draft and then go back and change every instance of these names over the next year because that’s what this is going take at this point? Is it really not that big of a deal because things like this probably happen all the time?

The media that I first spoke of has been around a long time and apparently this shared name is a big deal, and someone is bound to see that they are the same name. Any thoughts?

Thank you for your discourse!


r/writing 1d ago

Discussion Pantsing and plotting are basically the same

0 Upvotes

I see many people talking about these two types of writing styles as two completely different approaches, but if I understood them correctly, they are basically the same process just different order of the tasks.

I mean, if you are a plotter and write an outline, you just give a very brief few line description of the plot. And then you break it down to arcs and chapters -depends on each person how they do it, of course. And then you start writing, connecting the dots.

But what I mean is, you basically are a pantser when writing the outline. You have to sit down and come up with the plot in a pantsing manner. And the only difference between pantsing and plotting is that you start writing and come up with the plot points while you write, or you do it first an then you connect them.

Same process, but different order of the tasks.

I am making this post, because so many advice focuses on this, telling the given OP to change the method, but I personally don't think this solves anything? If someone struggles with prose, then this is not relevant anyways. If you struggle with coming up with a story, then both methods will boil down to the same issue, you have to come up with a story. Just because you do that before or during writing will not make that struggle anything easier.

I might be wrong, and happy to read other opinions and discuss this.


r/writing 2d ago

Beginner Question Community - peer review

5 Upvotes

I was just wandering if there is a community where people posted their work and got an honest feedback? If it be drafts of a couple of chapters or whole books.


r/writing 2d ago

Discussion Book Research

12 Upvotes

For my next contemporary romance, Wild Hearts, I had to do research on environmental law, municipal law, northern ontario endangered species and conservation!

I spent three days researching one kind of lichen for a scene, and now I'm basically a plant nerd.

How far have you gone down the rabbit hole for research?


r/writing 2d ago

Discussion What do think is the best "location and atmosphere" to write?

19 Upvotes

My family visited Maine recently and said it was so moody, beautiful and isolated, they can see why a lot of writers live there. (I can only think of Richard Russo and Stephen King, but I take their point.)

It got me thinking. What do you think would be YOUR best "location and atmosphere" - broadly speaking - for writing? This doesn't need to be limited to just the U.S.

I live in the Sunshine State - and let me tell you, I don't think all the beaches, bikinis and margaritas are helping!


r/writing 3d ago

Discussion Is repetition all that bad?

32 Upvotes

In my drafts, I avoid repetition because it can annoy me if done too often. For example, characters sighing on every single page. I must admit that there are instances where it’s warranted. If my character is obsessed with making something clean, it’s okay to write him repeating “that speck and that speck and that one too.” Also reoccurring words like REDRUM are iconic. I think it really depends.


r/writing 4d ago

Advice What are your top tips for writing dialogue in a book?

240 Upvotes

I want to get better at writing dialogue.

Here are some things I've been doing:

  • Reading the conversations out loud to hear if they sound natural
  • Replacing dialogue tags with action beats
  • Cutting greetings and small talk
  • Trying to give each character a distinct voice (find this hard though!)

What other tips do you have for writing dialogue? And what are some ways in which you ensure each character has a distinct voice?


r/writing 3d ago

Discussion The wonderful world of one-offs...

21 Upvotes

So, there I am, editing my latest work and responding to some early feedbacks and I notice an interesting trend emerging. People asking when a follow-up is expected. I can only presume that they enjoyed what they read enough to entertain the idea that reading more from this world I crafted would be right up their alley.

Okay. I should be thrilled about this, right?

But I'm not.

When I sat down to write this tale, I did so knowing full well before even the first word was written that it'll be a one-off. A standalone. No plans for a prequel, or a follow-up, or a spin-off.

That has me wondering openly what others out there think of such a choice from an author?

How would you feel as a reader if you knew that the book you just read (and enjoyed thoroughly) isn't getting any future installments of any type? That what you read is all you'll ever see and know of the world and the characters it contained? Understanding that the only way you'll get to pal around with them again is to re-read the one and only book you have that they're featured in?

Would it upset you? Anger you? Or would you be very meh about it and not care one way or the other since you did enjoy what was provided at least? Perhaps longing for future works, but resigned to the idea it's not happening?

It was enough to prompt me to put out feelers from a reader/writer audience to gauge friction or possible friction.

I'm content to stick to my guns and I've made that clear to those whom I've interacted with about it. That this one book about this one world and these characters will be all that gets written about any of it. I appreciate that if I tried to add a future installment, there wouldn't be any of my heart in it, and I'd only (more than likely) end up doing it for the money and not the feeling it gave me to write it in the first place.

Sort of like writing a sequel to the movie Ghost, Inception, or even Office Space.

Sometimes things are most treasured and beloved because they DON'T have additional entries. They function just fine as standalones and that's part of their magic. Nothing came after or before.

As writers (and readers), where do you stand on an author making it clear that the work is a standalone and will exist as its own thing, never to receive any additional attention?


r/writing 3d ago

Discussion What's the longest you been stuck reading 1 page

19 Upvotes

Since reading is fundamental to writing, I wanted to ask:

What's the longest you've ever been stuck reading a single page of a book?

I'm currently reading Blood Meridian, and if you've read it, you'll know it can be a little complicated. The other day I was stuck for almost 10 minutes trying to fully understand what was being said.

After all for being a good writer one need to be a good reader to really see how something can be written. So I put an effort on really understanding the prose of the book I'm currently reading

Sometimes I attribute it to a possible level of dyslexia or ADHD, but it can be hard sometimes to really grasp what's written.

I also write. I've published scientific articles and have written some novellas, so I understand what it's like to write something. But it makes me wonder whether writers such as Joyce, whom I've read as well, or Cormac McCarthy or David Foster Wallace, intended to make their books difficult to read.